MeridianMERIDIAN

ORCID

identity.academic.orcid

Open Researcher and Contributor ID — persistent digital identifier for researchers. Format: four groups of 4 digits separated by hyphens. Last character may be X (check digit representing 10).

Casts to
VARCHAR
Check digit
ISO 7064 mod 11-2

Shape

Pattern
^\d{4}-\d{4}-\d{4}-\d{3}[\dX]$
ValueLengthShape
0000-0002-1825-009719matches
0000-0002-9079-593X19matches
0000-0001-5000-000719matches
0000-0003-1234-567419matches
0000-0002-1825-00918rejected: one character short

Background

Origin

ORCID was first announced in 2009 as a collaborative effort by publishers of scholarly research.[1] ORCID, Inc. was incorporated as an independent nonprofit organisation in August 2010 in Delaware, United States.[1] Geoffrey Bilder wrote the document proposing what was eventually to become the ORCID identifier.[2] He wrote it in 2010, when Crossref seconded him to be ORCID's first director of technology.[2] ORCID launched its registry services on 16 October 2012.[1]

The ORCID iD is built on a 16-digit number that is compatible with ISO 27729, the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI).[3] No information about a person is encoded in the ORCID iD.[3] Because the iD is meant to last a whole career, nothing that can change over a career, such as country, institution or field of study, is embedded in it.[3]

Use

The last character of an ORCID iD is a checksum calculated in accordance with ISO/IEC 7064:2003, MOD 11-2.[3] The checksum is a digit from 0 to 9 or a capital letter X, which represents the value 10.[3] A hyphen is inserted every 4 digits of the identifier to aid readability.[3] ORCID iDs always require all 16 digits and cannot be shortened to remove leading zeros.[3] Only the ORCID Registry can assign ORCID iDs.[3] ORCID says its iDs are typically assigned between 0000-0001-5000-0007 and 0000-0003-5000-0001, or between 0009-0000-0000-0000 and 0009-0010-0000-0000.[3]

ORCID recommends storing the iD as a full https URI, such as https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097, with the hyphens kept in.[3]

Where you'll meet it

OpenAlex author records give the author's primary ORCID iD as a URL, or null.[4] OpenAlex says null is the common case, with only about one profile in ten having an ORCID iD.[4] In the Crossref REST API, author entries on works carry an ORCID field written as a full https://orcid.org/ URI.[5]

Sources

  1. [1]ORCIDsecondary source
  2. [2]Structure of the ORCID Identifiersecondary source
  3. [3]Structure of the ORCID Identifierdocumentation
  4. [4]Authors Overview | OpenAlex Help Centerorganisation
  5. [5]Crossref REST API worksdataset

Detection notes

ORCID uses ISO 27729 (ISNI) format. Check digit calculated using ISO/IEC 7064:2003 MOD 11-2. X represents check digit 10.

Use it

CLI · DuckDB
$ finetype infer -i "0000-0002-1825-0097" --mode column
→ identity.academic.orcid

SELECT ft_infer('0000-0002-1825-0097');
-- → 'identity.academic.orcid'
Cast expression
CAST({col} AS VARCHAR)

Schema

https://meridian.online/schemas/identity.academic.orcid · Frictionless type string

finetype taxonomy identity.academic.orcid -o json-schema

Aliases

researcher_id

Type Registry