Financial Yield / Return
finance.rate.yieldFinancial return or yield notation with explicit sign and percentage. Common in Bloomberg, Yahoo Finance, investment return reports. Distinct from percentage by requiring explicit +/- sign prefix.
Worked samples
DuckDB 1.5.5 · finetype 0.6.64
| Value | As VARCHAR | decimal_rate | raw_pct |
|---|---|---|---|
| +2.5% | 0.025 | 0.025 | 2.5000 |
| -1.2% | -0.012 | -0.012 | -1.2000 |
| +0.75% | 0.0075 | 0.0075 | 0.7500 |
| -3.25% | -0.0325 | -0.0325 | -3.2500 |
| +10.0% | 0.1 | 0.1 | 10.0000 |
Shape
^[+-][0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?%$| Value | Length | Shape |
|---|---|---|
| +2.5% | 5 | matches |
| -1.2% | 5 | matches |
| +0.75% | 6 | matches |
| -3.25% | 6 | matches |
| +10.0% | 6 | matches |
| +2.5 | 4 | rejected: one character short |
Background
Origin
FineType defines finance.rate.yield itself, as financial return or yield notation with an explicit sign and a percentage.[1] FineType's definition sets the type apart from a plain percentage by requiring an explicit +/- sign prefix.[1] FineType's registry gives +2.5%, -1.2%, +0.75%, -3.25% and +10.0% as samples of the type.[1] The type is a notation rather than a financial standard: it names the way a signed rate is written, not how the rate was calculated. (Meridian's view)
Use
In finance, the yield on a security is a measure of the ex-ante return to a holder of the security.[2] A return may be measured either in absolute terms, such as dollars, or as a percentage of the amount invested.[3] A loss instead of a profit is described as a negative return, assuming the amount invested is greater than zero.[3] A leading plus sign is a useful hint that a column holds gains and losses rather than levels, but read the column's documentation before relying on it. (Meridian's view)
Python's format specification mini-language has a + sign option, which indicates that a sign should be used for both positive and negative numbers.[4] Python's % presentation type multiplies the number by 100 and displays it in fixed format, followed by a percent sign.[4] An Excel number format can have up to four sections of code, separated by semicolons, for positive numbers, negative numbers, zero values and text, in that order.[5] Microsoft lists the plus sign among the characters an Excel number format displays without quotation marks.[5] Microsoft's Excel guidance says that including the percent sign in a number format displays numbers as a percentage of 100, for example .08 as 8%.[5]
A percentage point is the arithmetic difference between two percentages.[6] Wikipedia's percentage point article gives a move from 40 percent to 44 percent as an increase of 4 percentage points, and also as a 10-percent increase.[6] A signed figure in a table of rates may be a change in percentage points rather than a return, so check the header or the source's notes before adding it to anything. (Meridian's view)
When the period is a year, the rate of return is also called the annualized return.[3] Wikipedia's rate of return article cites the CFA Institute's GIPS standards as saying that returns for periods of less than one year must not be annualized.[3] A bare +10.0% says nothing about its period, so find out whether a column is annualised, cumulative or for a single month before comparing it with another. (Meridian's view)
Sources
- [1]definitions_finance.yamlFineType
- [2]Yield (finance)secondary source
- [3]Rate of returnsecondary source
- [4]string — Common string operationsdocumentation
- [5]Review guidelines for customizing a number formatdocumentation
- [6]Percentage pointsecondary source
Detection notes
New in format coverage expansion. Distinct from percentage type by mandatory +/- sign prefix. Financial returns, yield notation.
Use it
$ finetype infer -i "+2.5%" --mode column
→ finance.rate.yield
SELECT ft_infer('+2.5%');
-- → 'finance.rate.yield'CAST(REGEXP_REPLACE({col}, '%$', '') AS DECIMAL(10,4)) / 100Schema
https://meridian.online/schemas/finance.rate.yield · Frictionless type string
finetype taxonomy finance.rate.yield -o json-schema